DIKW 模型

DIKW is a foundational framework in Personal Knowledge Management (PKM) & Information Science that represents the hierarchical relationship between Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom. It maps the flow of our cognitive processing from raw data to actionable wisdom.

Data

• Raw, unprocessed, and unfiltered observations, facts & readings
• Exists as numbers or characters without context
• Example: “12012012” is just a string of numbers without context
• As modern knowledge workers, we’re constantly immersed in data flows

Information

• Processed, structured, and filtered data with basic context
• Answers “Who”, “What”, “When”, “Where” questions
• Created through:
  • Error cleaning
  • Measurement
  • Visualization
  • Analysis
  • Pattern recognition
  • Combining different datasets
• Example: Converting “12012012” into “January 12, 2012” by adding context

Knowledge

• Internalized understanding of information with context and relationships
• Answers “Why” and “How” questions
• Involves:
  • Understanding causal relationships
  • Connecting information pieces
  • Forming coherent models
  • Applying information toward goals
• Knowledge management involves managing both knowledge cues and information

Wisdom

• Integration of knowledge into action and decision-making
• Represents deeply internalized knowledge that feels like intuition
• Characteristics of wisdom:
  • Better decision-making
  • Problem-solving capabilities
  • Synthesis ability
  • Anticipatory thinking
  • Application of general frameworks
  • First principles and analogical reasoning

Important Notes

• Non-linear Process:
  • The progression is rarely sequential
  • Involves iterative and messy movements between stages
  • Constant back-and-forth between acquiring new data and updating knowledge
• Foundation for Other Frameworks:
  • Many frameworks build upon DIKW
  • Example:
    • Tiago Forte’s CODE framework
    • My CETDE framework
• Value Progression:
  • Each level adds more value to the initial data
  • Enriching data with meaning and context leads to better insights
  • Ultimate goal is making better, data-driven decisions

The DIKW pyramid represents how we transform raw data into actionable wisdom through progressive stages of understanding and context-building.